资源类型

期刊论文 1152

会议视频 24

年份

2024 1

2023 82

2022 132

2021 99

2020 68

2019 64

2018 47

2017 53

2016 49

2015 56

2014 58

2013 51

2012 67

2011 42

2010 62

2009 45

2008 41

2007 44

2006 19

2005 12

展开 ︾

关键词

水资源 16

细水雾 14

可持续发展 6

泥水盾构 6

反渗透 5

环境 5

水环境 4

砂卵石地层 4

超滤 4

三峡工程 3

优化 3

农业节水 3

半旱地农业 3

城镇建设 3

绿色化工 3

Preissmann格式 2

中国西北地区 2

二氧化碳 2

京津冀 2

展开 ︾

检索范围：

排序： 展示方式：

Symbiotic performance, shoot biomass and water-use efficiency of three groundnut (

Sofiya K. MUHABA, Felix D. DAKORA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第4期   页码 455-466 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020354

摘要：

Phosphorus is a key nutrient element involved in energy transfer for cellular metabolism, respiration and photosynthesis and its supply at low levels can affect legume nodulation, N fixation, and C assimilation. A two-year field study was conducted in Ethiopia in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate the effects of P supply on growth, symbiotic N nutrition, grain yield and water-use efficiency of three groundnut genotypes. Supplying P to the genotypes significantly increased their shoot biomass, symbiotic performance, grain yield, and C accumulation. There was, however, no effect on shoot δ C values in either year. Compared to the zero-P control, supplying 40 kg·ha P markedly increased shoot biomass by 77% and 66% in 2012 and 2013, respectively. In both years, groundnut grain yields were much higher at 20 and 30 kg·ha P. Phosphorus supply markedly reduced shoot δ N values and increased the %Ndfa and amount of N-fixed, indicating the direct involvement of P in promoting N fixation in nodulated groundnut. The three genotypes differed significantly in δ N, %Ndfa, N-fixed, grain yield, C concentration, and δ C. The phosphorus × genotype interaction was also significant for shoot DM, N content, N-fixed and soil N uptake.

关键词： shoot yield     N-fixed     %Ndfa     δ15N     δ13C     water-use efficiency    

HTML PDF 收藏

The effect of different agricultural management practices on irrigation efficiency, water use efficiencyand green and blue water footprint

La ZHUO, Arjen Y. HOEKSTRA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第2期   页码 185-194 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017149

摘要： This paper explores the effect of varying agricultural management practices on different water efficiency indicators: irrigation efficiency (IE), crop water use efficiency (WUE), and green and blue water footprint (WF). We take winter wheat in an experimental field in Northern China as a case study and consider a dry, average and wet year. We conducted 24 modeling experiments with the AquaCrop model, for all possible combinations of four irrigation techniques, two irrigation strategies and three mulching methods. Results show that deficit irrigation most effectively improved blue water use, by increasing IE (by 5%) and reducing blue WF (by 38%), however with an average 9% yield reduction. Organic or synthetic mulching practices improved WUE (by 4% and 10%, respectively) and reduced blue WF (by 8% and 17%, respectively), with the same yield level. Drip and subsurface drip irrigation improved IE and WUE, but drip irrigation had a relatively large blue WF. Improvements in one water efficiency indicator may cause a decline in another. In particular, WUE can be improved by more irrigation at the cost of the blue WF. Furthermore, increasing IE, for instance by installing drip irrigation, does not necessarily reduce the blue WF.

关键词： field management     irrigation efficiency     water footprint     water productivity     water use efficiency    

HTML PDF 收藏

STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN DRYLAND AGROECOSYSTEMS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第4期   页码 599-602 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021409

HTML PDF 收藏

Effects of dwarfing genes on water use efficiency of bread wheat

Jiakun YAN, Suiqi ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第2期   页码 126-134 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017134

摘要： Climate change has increased the risk of drought, which significantly limits plant productivity. Various ways of increasing water availability and sustaining growth of crop plants in drought-prone environments are available. Genetic advances in grain yields under rainfed conditions have been achieved with the introduction of dwarfing genes. A thorough understanding of the effects of different dwarfing genes on root growth, coleoptile length, grain yields and water using efficiency (WUE) will provide opportunities to select appropriate genes for breeding high WUE and grain yield cultivars. This review focuses on the mechanism involved in genes that reduce plant height and affect root and coleoptile length, their consequent effects on grain yields and WUE, and suggests that for rainfed and irrigation-limited environments, combining GAR and GAI dwarfing genes in breeding may help boost WUE and yields, and more materials from different parental sources should be collected to assess opportunities for potential comprehensive application of specific genes.

关键词： coleoptile length     wheat     dwarfing genes     grain yield     root     water use efficiency    

HTML PDF 收藏

Approaches to achieve high grain yield and high resource use efficiency in rice

Jianchang YANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第2期   页码 115-123 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015055

摘要： This article discusses approaches to simultaneously increase grain yield and resource use efficiency in rice. Breeding nitrogen efficient cultivars without sacrificing rice yield potential, improving grain fill in later-flowering inferior spikelets and enhancing harvest index are three important approaches to achieving the dual goal of high grain yield and high resource use efficiency. Deeper root distribution and higher leaf photosynthetic N use efficiency at lower N rates could be used as selection criteria to develop N-efficient cultivars. Enhancing sink activity through increasing sugar-spikelet ratio at the heading time and enhancing the conversion efficiency from sucrose to starch though increasing the ratio of abscisic acid to ethylene in grains during grain fill could effectively improve grain fill in inferior spikelets. Several practices, such as post-anthesis controlled soil drying, an alternate wetting and moderate soil drying regime during the whole growing season, and non-flooded straw mulching cultivation, could substantially increase grain yield and water use efficiency, mainly via enhanced remobilization of stored carbon from vegetative tissues to grains and improved harvest index. Further research is needed to understand synergistic interaction between water and N on crop and soil and the mechanism underlying high resource use efficiency in high-yielding rice.

关键词： rice     nitrogen-efficient cultivar     grain fill     harvest index     nitrogen use efficiency     water use efficiency    

HTML PDF 收藏

Improving water use efficiency in grain production of winter wheat and summer maize in the North China

Xiying ZHANG,Wenli QIN,Juanna XIE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第1期   页码 25-33 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016090

摘要： Reducing irrigation water use by improving water use efficiency (WUE) in grain production is critical for the development of sustainable agriculture in the North China Plain (NCP). This article summarizes the research progresses in WUE improvement carried out at the Luancheng station located in the Northern part of NCP for the past three decades. Progresses in four aspects of yield and WUE improvement are presented, including yield and WUE improvement associated with cultivar selection, irrigation management for improving yield and WUE under limited water supply, managing root system for efficient soil water use and reducing soil evaporation by straw mulch. The results showed that annual average increase of 0.014 kg·m for winter wheat and 0.02 kg·m in WUE were observed for the past three decades, and this increase was largely associated with the improvement in harvest index related to cultivar renewal and an increase in chemical fertilizer use and soil fertility. The results also indicated that deficit irrigation for winter wheat could significantly reduce the irrigation water use, whereas the seasonal yield showed a smaller reduction rate and WUE was significantly improved. Straw mulching of summer maize using the straw from winter wheat could reduce seasonal soil evaporation by 30–40 mm. With new cultivars and improved management practices it was possible to further increase grain production without much increase in water use. Future strategies to further improve WUE are also discussed.

关键词： harvest index     cultivar selection     deficit irrigation     root water uptake     straw mulching    

HTML PDF 收藏

Effect of a new antitranspirant on the physiology and water use efficiency of soybean under different

Shasha JI, Ling TONG, Fusheng LI, Hongna LU, Sien LI, Taisheng DU, Youjie WU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第2期   页码 155-164 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017148

摘要： Antitranspirants are exogenous substances applied to leaves to reduce luxury transpiration by regulating stomatal conductance to increase water use efficiency (WUE). A cheap and environmentally-friendly antitranspirant, FZ, was newly developed, extracted mainly from . Its effects on soybean water use were investigated in a field experiment using the locally-used irrigation rate and a low irrigation rate (The lower and upper limit of irrigation is 40%–70% of field capacity). Foliar application of FZ and measurement of leaf physiological characteristics, final biomass, seed yield and water use efficiency were carried out during the pod bearing and pod filling stages of drip-irrigated soybean with film-mulching. Under the low irrigation rate, leaf stomatal conductance (g ) and transpiration rate (Tr) decreased significantly by 7 d after spraying, but photosynthesis (Pn) and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE ) were not significantly affec ted. The stomatal frequency, stomatal aperture, g , Tr and Pn decreased by 1 d after spraying, without significantly increasing WUE . However, applying FZ during the pod bearing and pod filling stages did not significantly affect the final biomass, water consumption, seed yield and WUE of soybean. Under the locally-used irrigation rate, applying FZ increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in the leaves by 38% and 33%, respectively, but did not significantly affect g , Tr, Pn, stomatal aperture and stomatal frequency. Applying FZ three times during pod bearing and pod filling stages enhanced seed yield and WUE by 24% and 21%, respectively, but did not significantly affect the final biomass and water consumption. Therefore, seed yield and WUE of soybean were significantly increased by foliar application of FZ during the pod bearing and pod filling stages under the locally-used irrigation rate in arid region, but applying FZ did not have a positive effect on water use efficiency of soybean under a low irrigation rate.

关键词： antitranspirant     soybean     water deficit     leaf gas exchange     enzymes activities     water consumption     seed yield    

HTML PDF 收藏

Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of global phosphorus use: focus on root and rhizosphere levels

null

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第4期   页码 357-365 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019275

摘要：

Phosphorus (P) is essential for life and for efficient crop production, but global P use with limited recycling is inefficient in several sectors, including agronomy. Unfortunately, plant physiologists, agronomists, farmers and end users employ different measures for P use efficiency (PUE), which often masks their values at different scales. The term P use effectiveness, which also considers energetic and sustainability measures in addition to P balances, is also a valuable concept. Major physiological and genetic factors for plant P uptake and utilization have been identified, but there has been limited success in genetically improving PUE of modern crop cultivars. In maize, studies on root architectural and morphological traits appear promising. Rhizosphere processes assist in mobilizing and capturing sparingly soluble phosphate from rock phosphate. Combinations of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms with ammonium-based nitrogen fertilizer, as well as strategies of fertilizer placement near the roots of target crops, can moderately enhance PUE. The desired concentration of P in the products differs, depending on the final use of the crop products as feed, food or for energy conversion, which should be considered during crop production.

关键词： acquisition efficiency     plant growth promoting rhizobacteria     phosphate     use efficiency     utilization efficiency    

HTML PDF 收藏

Phosphorus use efficiency and fertilizers: future opportunities for improvements

null

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第4期   页码 332-340 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019274

摘要：

The continued supply of phosphate fertilizers that underpin global food production is an imminent crisis. The rock phosphate deposits on which the world depends are not only finite, but some are contaminated, and many are located in geopolitically unstable areas, meaning that fundamental changes will have to take place in order to maintain food production for a growing global population. No single solution exists, but a combination of approaches to phosphorus management is required not only to extend the lifespan of the remaining non-renewable rock phosphate reserves, but to result in a more efficient, sustainable phosphorus cycle. Solutions include improving the efficiency of fertilizer applications to agricultural land, alongside a better understanding of phosphorus cycling in soil-plant systems, and the interactions between soil physics, chemistry and biology, coupled with plant traits. Opportunities exist for the development of plants that can access different forms of soil phosphorus (e.g., organic phosphorus) and that use internal phosphorus more efficiently. The development of different sources of phosphorus fertilizers are inevitably required given the finite nature of the rock phosphate supplies. Clear opportunities exist, and it is now important that a concerted effort to make advances in phosphorus use efficiency is prioritized.

关键词： organic phosphorus     phosphorus fertilizer     phosphorus use efficiency     rock phosphate    

HTML PDF 收藏

Genetic study and molecular breeding for high phosphorus use efficiency in maize

null

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第4期   页码 366-379 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019278

摘要：

Phosphorus is the second most important macronutrient after nitrogen and it has many vital functions in the life of plants. Most soils have a low available P content, which has become a key limiting factor for increasing crop production. Also, low P use efficiency (PUE) of crops in conjunction with excessive application of P fertilizers has resulted in serious environmental problems. Thus, dissecting the genetic architecture of crop PUE, mining related quantitative trait loci (QTL) and using molecular breeding methods to improve high PUE germplasm are of great significance and serve as an efficient approach for the development of sustainable agriculture. In this review, molecular and phenotypic characteristics of maize inbred lines with high PUE, related QTL and genes as well as low-P responses are summarized. Based on this, a breeding strategy applying genomic selection as the core, and integrating the existing genetic information and molecular breeding techniques is proposed for breeding high PUE maize inbred lines and hybrids.

关键词： maize     phosphorus use efficiency     quantitative trait loci     genetic study     molecular breeding     genomic selection    

HTML PDF 收藏

LIGHT INTERCEPTION AND USE EFFICIENCY DIFFER WITH MAIZE PLANT DENSITY IN MAIZE-PEANUT INTERCROPPING

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第3期   页码 432-446 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021403

摘要：

Intercropping increases crop yields by optimizing light interception and/or use efficiency. Although intercropping combinations and metrics have been reported, the effects of plant density on light use are not well documented. Here, we examined the light interception and use efficiency in maize-peanut intercropping with different maize plant densities in two row configurations in semiarid dryland agriculture over a two-year period. The field experiment comprised four cropping systems, i.e. monocropped maize, monocropped peanut, maize-peanut intercropping with two rows of maize and four rows of peanut, intercropping with four rows of maize and four rows of peanut, and three maize plant densities (3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 plants m−1 row) in both monocropped and intercropping maize. The mean total light interception in intercropping across years and densities was 779 MJ·m−2, 5.5% higher than in monocropped peanut (737 MJ·m−2) and 7.6% lower than in monocropped maize (843 MJ·m−2). Increasing maize density increased light interception in monocropped maize but did not affect the total light interception in the intercrops. Across years the LUE of maize was 2.9 g·MJ−1 and was not affected by cropping system but increased with maize plant density. The LUE of peanut was enhanced in intercropping, especially in a wetter year. The yield advantage of maize-peanut intercropping resulted mainly from the LUE of peanut. These results will help to optimize agronomic management and system design and provide evidence for system level light use efficiency in intercropping.

 

关键词： dryland agriculture     light interception     light use efficiency     maize-peanut intercropping     semiarid    

HTML PDF 收藏

PROGRESS ON IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY: UK-CHINA VIRTUAL JOINT CENTERS ON NITROGEN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 475-489 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022459

摘要：

● Virtual joint centers on N agronomy were established between UK and China.

关键词： CINAg     N-CIRCLE     nitrogen use efficiency     reactive nitrogen     sustainable production    

HTML PDF 收藏

华北地区农业水资源现状和未来保障研究

黄峰,杜太生,王素芬,梅旭荣,龚道枝,陈源泉,康绍忠

《中国工程科学》 2019年 第21卷 第5期   页码 28-37 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.05.024

摘要：

华北地区是我国重要的粮食和农产品生产基地，对保障国家的粮食和食物安全至关重要。华北用仅占全国6% 的水资源支撑了占全国18% 的耕地并生产出占全国23% 的粮食。但这个巨大成就是以极大的资源环境和生态成本为代价的。本文回顾华北粮食生产和用水的历史性成就，总结现在面临的主要问题和挑战，然后应用国际水资源研究界广泛应用的农业用水管理的综合分析框架，系统分析1998—2015 年华北地区水资源、农业用水以及用水效率和水分生产力，在此基础上尝试提出了未来保障华北地区食物安全的战略和政策途径。

关键词： 食物安全     农业用水     水分利用效率     作物水分生产力    

HTML PDF 收藏

我国典型作物用水特征及现代农业灌溉技术模式

张宝忠, 彭致功, 雷波, 杜丽娟, 王蕾, 刘钰

《中国工程科学》 2018年 第20卷 第5期   页码 77-83 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.05.012

摘要：

理清农作物用水特征、灌溉技术模式、现代农业灌溉体系等问题，对提高农业用水效率和实现农业水资源持续利用具有重要现实意义。本文以我国综合农业分区为基础，重点以黄淮海小麦产区、东北水稻产区、长江中下游水稻产区、四川盆地水稻产区、内蒙古东部牧区、广西甘蔗产区及新疆棉花产区等为主要分区，分析了典型作物的灌溉制度特点与规律，筛选出优化技术模式，同时提出了现代农业灌溉的技术特点及政策保障体系。主要结论如下：①对各综合农业分区主要作物采用优化灌溉制度，保证作物缺水敏感期水分供应，节约灌溉水量，稳产同时提高水分生产率；②针对各综合分区特点及限制因素，筛选出先进节水技术模式并推广应用，确保优化灌溉制度精准实施，实现了区域农业综合生产能力提高；③为适应和支撑现代农业生产和经营体系，提出了基于信息技术的现代灌溉技术及其相应的融资机制、水权管理机制等政策保障体系。

关键词： 灌溉需水量     用水效率     技术模式     现代农业    

HTML PDF 收藏

End-use energy utilization efficiency of Nigerian residential sector

Fidelis I. ABAM,Olayinka S. OHUNAKIN,Bethrand N. NWANKWOJIKE,Ekwe B. EKWE

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 322-334 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0329-3

摘要： In this paper, the end-use efficiencies of the different energy carriers and the overall energy efficiency in the Nigerian residential sector (NRS) were estimated using energy and exergy analysis. The energy and exergy flows were considered from 2006 to 2011. The overall energy efficiency ranges from 19.15% in 2006 to 20.19% in 2011 with a mean of (19.96±0.23)% while the overall exergy efficiency ranges from 4.34% in 2006 to 4.40% in 2011 with a mean of (4.31±0.059)%. The energy and exergy efficiency margin was 15.58% with a marginal improvement of 0.07% and 0.02%, respectively when compared with previous results. The contribution of the energy carriers to the total energy and exergy inputs were 1.45% and 1.43% for electricity, 1.95% and 3% for fossil fuel and 96.6% and 95.57% for bio-fuel. The result shows that approximately 65% of the residence use wood and biomass for domestic cooking and heating, and only a fraction of the residence have access to electricity. LPG was found to be the most efficient while kerosene, charcoal, wood and other biomass the least in this order. Electricity utilization exergy efficiency is affected by vapor-compression air conditioning application apart from low potential energy applications. In addition, this paper has suggested alternatives in the end-use application and has demonstrated the relevance of exergy analysis in enhancing sustainable energy policies and management and improved integration techniques.

关键词： end-use     energy     exergy efficiency     residential sector     Nigeria    

HTML PDF 收藏

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Symbiotic performance, shoot biomass and water-use efficiency of three groundnut (

Sofiya K. MUHABA, Felix D. DAKORA

期刊论文

The effect of different agricultural management practices on irrigation efficiency, water use efficiencyand green and blue water footprint

La ZHUO, Arjen Y. HOEKSTRA

期刊论文

STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN DRYLAND AGROECOSYSTEMS

期刊论文

Effects of dwarfing genes on water use efficiency of bread wheat

Jiakun YAN, Suiqi ZHANG

期刊论文

Approaches to achieve high grain yield and high resource use efficiency in rice

Jianchang YANG

期刊论文

Improving water use efficiency in grain production of winter wheat and summer maize in the North China

Xiying ZHANG,Wenli QIN,Juanna XIE

期刊论文

Effect of a new antitranspirant on the physiology and water use efficiency of soybean under different

Shasha JI, Ling TONG, Fusheng LI, Hongna LU, Sien LI, Taisheng DU, Youjie WU

期刊论文

Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of global phosphorus use: focus on root and rhizosphere levels

null

期刊论文

Phosphorus use efficiency and fertilizers: future opportunities for improvements

null

期刊论文

Genetic study and molecular breeding for high phosphorus use efficiency in maize

null

期刊论文

LIGHT INTERCEPTION AND USE EFFICIENCY DIFFER WITH MAIZE PLANT DENSITY IN MAIZE-PEANUT INTERCROPPING

期刊论文

PROGRESS ON IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY: UK-CHINA VIRTUAL JOINT CENTERS ON NITROGEN

期刊论文

华北地区农业水资源现状和未来保障研究

黄峰,杜太生,王素芬,梅旭荣,龚道枝,陈源泉,康绍忠

期刊论文

我国典型作物用水特征及现代农业灌溉技术模式

张宝忠, 彭致功, 雷波, 杜丽娟, 王蕾, 刘钰

期刊论文

End-use energy utilization efficiency of Nigerian residential sector

Fidelis I. ABAM,Olayinka S. OHUNAKIN,Bethrand N. NWANKWOJIKE,Ekwe B. EKWE

期刊论文